African peoples or constituent nations ... Post-(European)conquest Africa? Post-(Arab/islamist)conquest Africa? ... African peoples or constituent nations – Biafra and this epoch of restoration-of-independence

Herbert Ekwe-Ekwe

AFRICAN peoples or constituent nations, 7th century CE-21st century CE:

1. Arab/islamist conquest and enslavement and occupation/control of north, northcentral, northeast, northwestcentral/Sahel, east Africa: 7th century CE-21st century CE 

2. European World enslavement, conquest, occupation/control of Africa: 15th century CE-21st century CE 

Is the era post-Arab/islamist conquest Africa?/post-European conquest Africa? Why? How? Where?

Affirmation: Biafra and this epoch of restoration-of-independence for African peoples or nations

(Sonny Rollins Sextet, “Misterioso” {composer: Thelonious Monk} [personnel: Rollins, tenor saxophone, J J Johnson, trombone; Monk, piano; Horace Silver, piano; Paul Chambers, bass; Art Blakey, drums; recorded: Van Gelder Studio, Hackensack, NJ, US, 14 April 1957])

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